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ORGANIZATION SCIENCE
Vol. 10, No. 6, November-December 1999, pp. 791-815
DOI: 10.1287/orsc.10.6.791
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Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams

Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa, Dorothy E. Leidner

Graduate School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau, France

This paper explores the challenges of creating and maintaining trust in a global virtual team whose members transcend time, space, and culture. The challenges are highlighted by integrating recent literature on work teams, computer-mediated communication groups, cross-cultural communication, and interpersonal and organizational trust. To explore these challenges empirically, we report on a series of descriptive case studies on global virtual teams whose members were separated by location and culture, were challenged by a common collaborative project, and for whom the only economically and practically viable communication medium was asynchronous and synchronous computer-mediated communication. The results suggest that global virtual teams may experience a form of "swift" trust, but such trust appears to be very fragile and temporal. The study raises a number of issues to be explored and debated by future research. Pragmatically, the study describes communication behaviors that might facilitate trust in global virtual teams.

Key Words: Global Virtual Teams; Virtual Teams; Global Teams; Virtual Organizations; Trust; Swift Trust; Computer-Mediated Communication; Group Development



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